Anders N. Andersen 

Education

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Developing wind energy in weak grids
Good wind resources are often available in areas with weak electrical grids. One option is to avoid placing wind turbines in these areas. Another option is to invest in reinforcing the lectricla grid before placing wind turbines in these areas. An even better option could be to find a balanced investment in the wind turbines and the electrical grid, and derate the wind turbines in the few hours, where the grid are overloaded.

Distributed CHP-plants optimized across more electricity markets
A transition needs to be initiated from “First Generation distributed CHP” helping „only" to serve energy by their high efficiency - towards “Next Generation distributed CHP” maintaining this high efficiency but at the same time making (on a macro-economic scale) the integration of fluctuating production from RES less costly by being flexible. The research will be focused on investigating investment and daily operation strategies for distributed CHP, when these plants are participating across more whole sale markets and balancing markets, and will be focused on the needed interaction between the plants when optimizing market participation.

Use of biomass in central or distributed CHP-plants
In a sustainable energy system a part of the biomass has to be used in CHP-plants to cover electricity and heat demands. The biomass resources are limited and central CHP-plants are compared to distributed CHP-plants more efficient in converting biomass to electricity. But the costs for transporting the biomass rise if used on few central plants. Taking this into consideration, how to plan the use of biomass in central or distributed CHP-plants.

Upgrading of biogas or using it local
In Denmark we have come to the point at which the biogas plants produce more biogas than needed at some of the CHP-plants receiving the biogas. The consequence is that heat has to be cooled away in the summer.
Would it be better to upgrade some of the biogas, so that it can be stored in the gas grid, or using some of the biogas for transportation.

Developing district heating in a sustainable energy system
In a sustainable energy system the use of the fossil fuels have to be phased out, the biomass resources are limited, some of the heat supply has to be delivered from surplus electricity from fluctuating renewable energies (like wind, PV, wave etc.).
A district heating network allows complicated fuels as biomass to be used in CHP-plants delivering heat to the consumers and allows waste heat from industry and geothermal to be delivered to heat consumers. Low energy buildings is becoming more widespread. Taking this into account how do a country plan the development of district heating networks.

Biological fermenting or burning household waste
Today the household waste in Denmark are burned at incineration plants and converted to electricity and heat. But a fraction of the household waste has a big water content making it reasonable to ask if it would be better to make biogas of this fraction. Perhaps the biological fermentation also makes it easier to reuse the household waste as fertilizer at farm land.

Intelligent taxes on electricity in a sustainable energy system
All ready today wind turbines in many hours produces more electricity than the consumption. Further developing wind energy calls for new flexible electricity consumptions. It has been shown that when further developing wind energy in Denmark it will be socioeconomic feasible to implement big heat pumps at district heating companies. The present electricity taxes does not make it feasible for the district heating companies to invest in these heat pumps and do not promote, that the heat pumps are primarily run in hours with "surplus" electricity. Taking this into account how should intelligent taxes on electricity be made in a sustainable energy system !